Materials, fuels, upgrading, economy, and life cycle assessment of the pyrolysis of algal and lignocellulosic biomass: a review
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Climate change issues are calling for advanced methods to produce materials and fuels in a carbon–neutral circular way. For instance, biomass pyrolysis has been intensely investigated during the last years. Here we review of algal lignocellulosic with focus on products mechanisms, oil upgrading, combining anaerobic digestion, economy, life cycle assessment. Products include oil, gas, biochar. Upgrading techniques comprise hot vapor filtration, solvent addition, emulsification, esterification transesterification, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, use supercritical fluids. We examined economic viability terms profitability, internal rate return, return investment, carbon removal service, product pricing, net present value. also reviewed 20 recent studies found that method highly influenced yield, ranging from 9.07 40.59% 10.1 41.25% biochar, 11.93 28.16% syngas. Feedstock type, pyrolytic temperature, heating rate, reaction retention time were main factors controlling distribution products. Pyrolysis mechanisms bond breaking, cracking, polymerization re-polymerization, fragmentation. Biochar residual forestry could sequester 2.74 tons dioxide equivalent per ton biochar when applied soil thus potential remove 0.2–2.75 gigatons atmospheric annually. The generation bio-oil process is estimated be economically feasible.
منابع مشابه
the investigation of the relationship between type a and type b personalities and quality of translation
چکیده ندارد.
assessment of deep word knowledge in elementary and advanced iranian efl learners: a comparison of selective and productive wat tasks
testing plays a vital role in any language teaching program. it allows teachers and stakeholders, including program administrators, parents, admissions officers and prospective employers to be assured that the learners are progressing according to an accepted standard (douglas, 2010). the problems currently facing language testers have both practical and theoretical implications but the first i...
Upgrading of Pyrolysis Bio-oil: A Review
The increase in the population of the planet and the rapid economic growth and, consequently, the high consumption of energy has created many environmental problems in the globe. Due to these reasons and the lack of renewability of these fossil fuels, there has been a steep trend towards the production of renewable fuels from natural sources, one of which is the production of energy from biomas...
متن کاملwuthering heights and the concept of marality/a sociological study of the novel
to discuss my point, i have collected quite a number of articles, anthologies, and books about "wuthering heights" applying various ideas and theories to this fantastic story. hence, i have come to believe that gadamer and jauss are rightful when they claim that "the individaul human mind is the center and origin of all meaning," 3 that reading literature is a reader-oriented activity, that it ...
15 صفحه اولذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Environmental Chemistry Letters
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1610-3661', '1610-3653']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10311-023-01573-7